我们来假设模拟一个小型的模型来分析写和垃圾回收的过程
假设只有一个die,4个block,每个block4个page,每个page8KB
那么PageMap就是Page[0][0]到Page[0][15]
BlockMap就是Block[0][0]到Block[0][3]
GcMap就是GC[0][0]到GC[0][4]
那么最初就会如下图:第零块用来保留元数据,最后一块保留作为垃圾回收合并块
接下来从上层来了数据,黄色部分表示更改的数据,红色部分表示更新的数据,最左侧是流程
在这里,lpn0的内容作为page缓存留在SDRAM里面,只把lpn1的内容存入flash
接下来更改的数据缓存命中了,所以lpn0的内容直接在SDRAM里面修改,此时数据末尾刚好占据了一个页,所以直接存入flash,并把之前的保存页无效,此时GC表开始变化
接下来依旧缓存命中,但是请求最后一页并不是完整的一页,于是先预读出其中的内容,修改之后寻找新页再保存进flash
这一次的缓存并没有命中,所以先把SDRAM里面的内容flush进SDRAM里面,因为请求并不满足一页,所以执行read-modify-write,此时lpn1作为新的page缓存,并不直接存进flash而是保留在SDRAM中
缓存依旧不命中,此时block1已经没有页面可用了,于是找到了下一个空闲block,先flush,然后更新page缓存,将lpn1的内容存入flash
接下来缓存不命中,并且消耗掉了所有的页面,于是lpn3的内容无处存取,引发垃圾回收操作
垃圾回收操作的依据是元数据的更新,因此我们来看元数据更新的代码
1 void UpdateMetaForOverwrite(u32 lpn) 2 { 3 pageMap = (struct pmArray*)(PAGE_MAP_ADDR); 4 blockMap = (struct bmArray*)(BLOCK_MAP_ADDR); 5 gcMap = (struct gcArray*)(GC_MAP_ADDR); 6 7 u32 dieNo = lpn % DIE_NUM; 8 u32 dieLpn = lpn / DIE_NUM; 9 10 if(pageMap->pmEntry[dieNo][dieLpn].ppn != 0xffffffff)11 {12 // GC victim block list management13 u32 diePbn = pageMap->pmEntry[dieNo][dieLpn].ppn / PAGE_NUM_PER_BLOCK;14 15 // unlink16 if((blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].nextBlock != 0xffffffff) && (blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].prevBlock != 0xffffffff))17 {18 blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].prevBlock].nextBlock = blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].nextBlock;19 blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].nextBlock].prevBlock = blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].prevBlock;20 }21 else if((blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].nextBlock == 0xffffffff) && (blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].prevBlock != 0xffffffff))22 {23 blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].prevBlock].nextBlock = 0xffffffff;24 gcMap->gcEntry[dieNo][blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].invalidPageCnt].tail = blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].prevBlock;25 }26 else if((blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].nextBlock != 0xffffffff) && (blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].prevBlock == 0xffffffff))27 {28 blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].nextBlock].prevBlock = 0xffffffff;29 gcMap->gcEntry[dieNo][blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].invalidPageCnt].head = blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].nextBlock;30 }31 else32 {33 gcMap->gcEntry[dieNo][blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].invalidPageCnt].head = 0xffffffff;34 gcMap->gcEntry[dieNo][blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].invalidPageCnt].tail = 0xffffffff;35 }36 37 // xil_printf("[unlink] dieNo = %d, invalidPageCnt= %d, diePbn= %d, blockMap.prevBlock= %d, blockMap.nextBlock= %d, gcMap.head= %d, gcMap.tail= %d\r\n", dieNo, blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].invalidPageCnt, diePbn, blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].prevBlock, blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].nextBlock, gcMap->gcEntry[dieNo][blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].invalidPageCnt].head, gcMap->gcEntry[dieNo][blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].invalidPageCnt].tail);38 39 // invalidation update40 pageMap->pmEntry[dieNo][pageMap->pmEntry[dieNo][dieLpn].ppn].valid = 0;41 blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].invalidPageCnt++;42 43 // insertion44 if(gcMap->gcEntry[dieNo][blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].invalidPageCnt].tail != 0xffffffff)45 {46 blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].prevBlock = gcMap->gcEntry[dieNo][blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].invalidPageCnt].tail;47 blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].nextBlock = 0xffffffff;48 blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][gcMap->gcEntry[dieNo][blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].invalidPageCnt].tail].nextBlock = diePbn;49 gcMap->gcEntry[dieNo][blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].invalidPageCnt].tail = diePbn;50 }51 else52 {53 blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].prevBlock = 0xffffffff;54 blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].nextBlock = 0xffffffff;55 gcMap->gcEntry[dieNo][blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].invalidPageCnt].head = diePbn;56 gcMap->gcEntry[dieNo][blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][diePbn].invalidPageCnt].tail = diePbn;57 }58 }59 }
其实从上面的写过程分析,我们可以大概了解到GC表其实就是把有相同无效页的block串联在一起
我们假设从block1到block7,其中无效页最终分别为100,120,110,100,110,120,100
当block1进行完之后,GC[0][100].head=1 GC[0][100].tail=1
当block2的无效页也到达100的时候,分析代码可知,GC[0][100].head=1 GC[0][100].tail=2,而且block1和block2会链接起来,但是block2的无效页会继续增加,于是当他的无效页增加的时候,block1和block2又会断开,指向无效的0xffffffff,而block2执行完毕之后GC[0][120].head=2 GC[0][120].tail=2.
只有当block4和block7的无效页最终停在100的时候,block1↔block4↔block7
既然已经了解GC表表示的什么意思,那么再看垃圾回收操作的代码就简单多了
1 u32 GarbageCollection(u32 dieNo) 2 { 3 xil_printf("GC occurs!\r\n"); 4 5 pageMap = (struct pmArray*)(PAGE_MAP_ADDR); 6 blockMap = (struct bmArray*)(BLOCK_MAP_ADDR); 7 dieBlock = (struct dieArray*)(DIE_MAP_ADDR); 8 gcMap = (struct gcArray*)(GC_MAP_ADDR); 9 10 int i;11 for(i=PAGE_NUM_PER_BLOCK ; i>0 ; i--) //从无效页大的开始回收12 {13 if(gcMap->gcEntry[dieNo][i].head != 0xffffffff) //拥有这么多无效页的块存在的话,取出一块进行回收14 {15 u32 victimBlock = gcMap->gcEntry[dieNo][i].head; // GC victim block16 17 // link setting18 if(blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][victimBlock].nextBlock != 0xffffffff) //更新GC链表19 {20 gcMap->gcEntry[dieNo][i].head = blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][victimBlock].nextBlock;21 blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][victimBlock].nextBlock].prevBlock = 0xffffffff;22 }23 else24 {25 gcMap->gcEntry[dieNo][i].head = 0xffffffff;26 gcMap->gcEntry[dieNo][i].tail = 0xffffffff;27 }28 29 // copy valid pages from the victim block to the free block30 if(i != PAGE_NUM_PER_BLOCK) //如果整个块都是无效页就直接擦除就行了31 {32 int j;33 for(j=0 ; jpmEntry[dieNo][(victimBlock * PAGE_NUM_PER_BLOCK) + j].valid)36 {37 // page copy process38 u32 validPage = victimBlock*PAGE_NUM_PER_BLOCK + j;39 u32 freeBlock = dieBlock->dieEntry[dieNo].freeBlock; //最开始有预留一个块40 u32 freePage = freeBlock*PAGE_NUM_PER_BLOCK + blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][freeBlock].currentPage;41 42 WaitWayFree(dieNo % CHANNEL_NUM, dieNo / CHANNEL_NUM);43 SsdRead(dieNo % CHANNEL_NUM, dieNo / CHANNEL_NUM, validPage, GC_BUFFER_ADDR); //将一个块里面的有效页读取到BUFFER里面44 WaitWayFree(dieNo % CHANNEL_NUM, dieNo / CHANNEL_NUM);45 SsdProgram(dieNo % CHANNEL_NUM, dieNo / CHANNEL_NUM, freePage, GC_BUFFER_ADDR); //有效数据写入46 47 // pageMap, blockMap update48 u32 lpn = pageMap->pmEntry[dieNo][validPage].lpn;49 50 pageMap->pmEntry[dieNo][lpn].ppn = freePage; //更新页映射信息51 pageMap->pmEntry[dieNo][freePage].lpn = lpn;52 blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][freeBlock].currentPage++;53 }54 }55 }56 57 // erased victim block becomes the free block for GC migration58 EraseBlock(dieNo, victimBlock);59 blockMap->bmEntry[dieNo][victimBlock].free = 0;60 61 u32 currentBlock = dieBlock->dieEntry[dieNo].freeBlock;62 dieBlock->dieEntry[dieNo].freeBlock = victimBlock; //将刚擦出的块作为新的freeblock63 64 return currentBlock; // atomic GC completion65 }66 }67 68 // no free space anymore69 assert(!"[WARNING] There are no free blocks. Abort terminate this ssd. [WARNING]");70 return 1;71 }